Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects various organs and tissues. Which one is most notably affected?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is primarily a respiratory condition that significantly alters the function of the lungs, but its effects extend beyond just the pulmonary system, influencing various bodily systems. Among the organs and tissues listed, skeletal muscle is particularly notable for being adversely impacted by COPD.

Individuals with COPD often experience reduced physical activity due to breathlessness and fatigue, leading to muscle deconditioning and atrophy. This phenomenon is due to a combination of factors including hypoxia (lowered oxygen levels), systemic inflammation, and changes in metabolism that are common in chronic lung diseases. Consequently, muscle strength and endurance can decline, contributing to overall functional impairment and diminishing quality of life.

While the heart and vascular system do experience effects such as increased workload due to the body’s decreased oxygenation, these changes are more secondary and often arise from the cardiovascular complications associated with COPD rather than being directly affected in the same way as skeletal muscle. The intestines also do not experience direct effects from COPD, although nutrient absorption may indirectly be affected due to decreased physical activity and overall health.

In summary, skeletal muscle is the most notably affected tissue in COPD due to its close relationship with physical exertion and the systemic consequences of impaired pulmonary function.