Which of the following BEST describes angina pectoris?

Angina pectoris is best described as inadequate blood flow to the heart leading to discomfort or pain that can be felt in the chest, arms, shoulders, and jaw. This condition typically occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood, often due to narrowed coronary arteries from conditions like coronary artery disease. The discomfort can also manifest as pressure, squeezing, or pain and is often triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress.

The other options do not accurately depict angina pectoris. A heart attack involves more extensive damage to the heart muscle and is a result of a blockage that is often severe and accompanied by more significant symptoms. Shortness of breath during physical activity can be an indicator of various conditions but is not a defining feature of angina pectoris itself. Pain restrictively located in the left arm fails to encompass the broader set of symptoms associated with angina, which can radiate to multiple areas beyond just the arm. Understanding the specific characteristics of angina helps in recognizing and managing cardiovascular health effectively.