Which outcome is primarily associated with improved mental health due to cardiovascular exercise?

The outcome primarily associated with improved mental health due to cardiovascular exercise is a decrease in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Engaging in regular cardiovascular exercise has been shown to produce various psychological benefits, including the release of endorphins, often referred to as "feel-good" hormones, which can help elevate mood and reduce feelings of anxiety and depression.

Numerous studies support the idea that consistent cardiovascular activity can lead to lower levels of stress and an improved overall sense of well-being. This occurs through mechanisms such as increased blood circulation to the brain and the reduction of stress hormones, promoting a more balanced mental state.

In contrast, options related to decreased social interaction, increased likelihood of injury, and increased body temperature during exercise do not reflect the primary psychological improvements linked to cardiovascular exercise. While social interaction may be reduced for some individuals, many find that group activities enhance their social connections. The potential for injury is not a mental health benefit and does not correlate with improved psychological outcomes. Lastly, while an increase in body temperature during exercise is a physiological response, it is unrelated to mental health improvements.